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Avaliação de soluções construtivas de módulos de unidades sanitárias aplicando o método AHP
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A construção modular tem-se consolidado como uma alternativa relevante aos sistemas construtivos tradicionais, especialmente em função da necessidade de maior racionalização produtiva, redução de prazos, controlo de custos e mitigação dos impactos ambientais no setor da construção civil. Nesse contexto, as unidades sanitárias modulares destacam-se pela elevada complexidade de execução e pelo potencial de industrialização, permitindo maior padronização, controlo de qualidade e eficiência produtiva.
Inserido nesse cenário, o presente trabalho aborda a aplicação da construção modular no desenvolvimento de unidades sanitárias industrializadas, pretendendo responder à seguinte questão central: quais sistemas construtivos apresentam melhor desempenho global quando avaliados sob múltiplos critérios técnicos, comerciais e ambientais. A pesquisa fundamenta-se na necessidade de métodos estruturados de apoio à decisão que auxiliem projetistas e gestores na seleção do sistema construtivo mais adequado para aplicações modulares, considerando simultaneamente diferentes dimensões de desempenho.
O objetivo geral da investigação consiste em avaliar e hierarquizar sistemas construtivos aplicáveis à produção modular off-site de unidades sanitárias por meio de uma abordagem multicritério. Como objetivos específicos, destacam-se a identificação dos principais sistemas construtivos utilizados na construção modular, a definição e fundamentação dos critérios e subcritérios de avaliação, a construção de uma base de dados qualitativa das alternativas e a aplicação de um método multicritério de apoio à decisão. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa caracteriza-se como aplicada, de abordagem quantitativa e natureza descritiva, adotando o método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) como instrumento de análise. O problema decisório foi estruturado em níveis hierárquicos compostos por objetivo, critérios, subcritérios e alternativas construtivas, sendo realizadas comparações pareadas com base na escala fundamental proposta por Saaty. O processo incluiu a construção de bases qualitativas e quantitativas, a verificação da consistência dos julgamentos e a integração dos pesos obtidos para determinação do ranking final das alternativas analisadas.
Os resultados indicaram melhor desempenho global para os sistemas construtivos leves e industrializados, com destaque para o Wood Frame, seguido pelos sistemas Aço Leve (LSF) e madeira engenheirada (CLT/GLT). O desempenho superior dessas soluções esteve associado principalmente à elevada racionalização produtiva, à eficiência logística e ao melhor desempenho ambiental quando comparados aos sistemas baseados em Aço Estrutural e Betão Leve. Os resultados demonstram ainda que a aplicação do método AHP permitiu integrar critérios técnicos, comerciais e ambientais de forma estruturada e consistente, contribuindo para a comparação e hierarquização das alternativas construtivas no contexto da produção modular off-site de unidades sanitárias.
Modular construction has become a relevant alternative to traditional construction systems, particularly due to the increasing demand for greater production rationalization, shorter construction times, cost control, and mitigation of environmental impacts in the construction sector. In this context, modular bathroom units stand out because of their high execution complexity and industrialization potential, allowing greater standardization, quality control, and production efficiency. Within this scenario, the present study addresses the application of modular construction in the development of industrialized bathroom units, seeking to answer the following central question: which construction systems present the best overall performance when evaluated under multiple technical, commercial, and environmental criteria. The research is justified by the need for structured decision-support methods capable of assisting designers and managers in selecting the most appropriate construction system for modular applications while simultaneously considering different performance dimensions. The general objective of this research is to evaluate and rank construction systems applicable to the off-site modular production of bathroom units through a multicriteria approach. The specific objectives include identifying the main construction systems used in modular construction, defining and supporting the evaluation criteria and subcriteria, building a qualitative database of the alternatives, and applying a multicriteria decision-support method. Methodologically, the research is characterized as applied, quantitative, and descriptive, adopting the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as the analytical instrument. The decision problem was structured into hierarchical levels composed of objectives, criteria, subcriteria, and construction alternatives, with pairwise comparisons performed based on Saaty’s fundamental scale. The process included the construction of qualitative and quantitative databases, verification of judgment consistency, and integration of the obtained weights to determine the final ranking of the analyzed alternatives. The results indicated superior overall performance for lightweight and industrialized construction systems, especially Wood Frame, followed by light steel framing (LSF) and CLT/GLT systems. The superior performance of these solutions was mainly associated with higher production rationalization, logistical efficiency, and better environmental performance when compared to systems based on structural steel and lightweight concrete. The results also demonstrate that the application of the AHP method enabled the structured and consistent integration of technical, commercial, and environmental criteria, contributing to the comparison and ranking of construction alternatives in the context of off-site modular bathroom unit production.
Modular construction has become a relevant alternative to traditional construction systems, particularly due to the increasing demand for greater production rationalization, shorter construction times, cost control, and mitigation of environmental impacts in the construction sector. In this context, modular bathroom units stand out because of their high execution complexity and industrialization potential, allowing greater standardization, quality control, and production efficiency. Within this scenario, the present study addresses the application of modular construction in the development of industrialized bathroom units, seeking to answer the following central question: which construction systems present the best overall performance when evaluated under multiple technical, commercial, and environmental criteria. The research is justified by the need for structured decision-support methods capable of assisting designers and managers in selecting the most appropriate construction system for modular applications while simultaneously considering different performance dimensions. The general objective of this research is to evaluate and rank construction systems applicable to the off-site modular production of bathroom units through a multicriteria approach. The specific objectives include identifying the main construction systems used in modular construction, defining and supporting the evaluation criteria and subcriteria, building a qualitative database of the alternatives, and applying a multicriteria decision-support method. Methodologically, the research is characterized as applied, quantitative, and descriptive, adopting the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as the analytical instrument. The decision problem was structured into hierarchical levels composed of objectives, criteria, subcriteria, and construction alternatives, with pairwise comparisons performed based on Saaty’s fundamental scale. The process included the construction of qualitative and quantitative databases, verification of judgment consistency, and integration of the obtained weights to determine the final ranking of the analyzed alternatives. The results indicated superior overall performance for lightweight and industrialized construction systems, especially Wood Frame, followed by light steel framing (LSF) and CLT/GLT systems. The superior performance of these solutions was mainly associated with higher production rationalization, logistical efficiency, and better environmental performance when compared to systems based on structural steel and lightweight concrete. The results also demonstrate that the application of the AHP method enabled the structured and consistent integration of technical, commercial, and environmental criteria, contributing to the comparison and ranking of construction alternatives in the context of off-site modular bathroom unit production.
Descrição
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Palavras-chave
Construção modular Construção industrializada Unidades sanitárias modulares AHP Métodos multicritério Sistemas construtivos