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- Evolución temporal de mutaciones en genes que codifican las dianas de amitraz y piretroides en varroa destructor en Portugal y EspañaPublication . Costa, Maíra; Pérez-Pérez, António; Yadró Garcia, Carlos A.; Lopes, Ana Rita; Martín-Hernández, Raquel; Pinto, M. Alice; Higes, Mariano; Henriques, DoraVarroa destructor es un ectoparásito que representa una de las principales amenazas para la abeja melífera (Apis mellifera), afectando gravemente a la salud de las colonias y provocando importantes pérdidas en la apicultura a nivel mundial. Su control se basa principalmente en el uso de acaricidas de síntesis, aunque la eficacia de estos compuestos se ha visto comprometida por la aparición de posibles resistencias asociadas a cambios genéticos en el parásito. Entre los mecanismos descritos destacan mutaciones en genes diana, como el receptor de octopamina tipo β-adrenérgico (Octβ2R), vinculado al amitraz, y los canales de sodio dependientes de voltaje (VGSC), asociados a los piretroides. En este estudio se analizaron muestras históricas (2010) y recientes (2023–2025) de V. destructor procedentes de Portugal y España. El ADN se extrajo individualmente de hembras y se secuenció mediante el método Sanger con cebadores específicos. Los resultados mostraron que en 2010 no existían mutaciones relacionadas con resistencia a amitraz, mientras que la mutación L925V, asociada a piretroides, ya estaba presente en algunas poblaciones, lo que sugiere una resistencia preexistente. En el periodo 2023–2025, se detectó una prevalencia ~100 % de la mutación F290L, indicando una fuerte expansión cuya causa aún se debate. Además, se observaron combinaciones de mutaciones M918L y L925V, potencialmente relacionadas con fenómenos de superresistencia, aunque esto requiere confirmación. En conjunto, los datos evidencian una evolución temporal de las frecuencias alélicas en V. destructor, posiblemente ligada a la presión selectiva por el uso de acaricidas o procesos de coevolución con el hospedador. La alta prevalencia de F290L resalta la necesidad de esclarecer su origen y su impacto en la eficacia del amitraz en campo.
- A literature review on the use of ESA satellite data for soil organic carbon estimation models with artificial intelligence toolsPublication . Lima, Arthur A. J.; Hernandez Hernandez, Zulimar; Lopes, Júlio Castro; González, Antonio; Lopes, Rui Pedro; Figueiredo, Tomás deAgricultural soils play a crucial role in food security and climate change, as the process of accumulation and stabilization of soil organic carbon simultaneously improves the physicochemical properties, such as water retention, aggregate stability, or plant nutrition. For these reasons, knowing the amount of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) is important to manage climate alarm, but the sampling and subsequent laboratory analyses that are traditionally used for this purpose are expensive and time-consuming, which leads to explore alternative non-degrading and environmentally friendly methods. Remote Sensing (RS) arises in this sense, seeking to reduce time consumption and cost . However, the amount of data needed for this type of evaluation requires advanced computer methods for the elaboration of SOC predict models . A Literature Review (LR) was conducted with the aim of finding tools, advances, and gaps in the literature. Using the PRISMA method, 30 articles that used RS and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to estimate SOC were selected to LR .The keywords and synonyms chosen for this research were: “Deep learning” and “Neural network”; “Remote sensing”; “Soil organic carbon” and “Organic matter”. The period covered by this work is from 2021 to August 2023.
- Gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasites in small ruminants in northeast Portugal - What´s up doc? A case herd studyPublication . Rodrigues, Isabel; Meireles, Samanta Aparecida; Valentim, Ramiro; Ortin, Aurora; Lacasta, Delia; Quintas, HélderThe breeding of small ruminants in northeast Portugal is largely based on a traditional production system, on extensive/semi-extensive grazing and direct use of existing natural resources. Gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasite infections are particularly important, as they can have impact on animal health and welfare, as well as on productivity, and therefore be responsible of economic losses including: delayed growth, weight loss, decreased fertility levels, and also rejections at slaughterhouse. To act on the prophylaxis, one first should have a detailed knowledge of the parasite species involved, as well as their prevalence, in order to plan prevention and control strategies.Samples were analysed to monitor the burden and prevalence of gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasites in two autochthonous sheep and goat breed herd, with similar farm management, and sharing the same graze field. Coprological qualitative and quantitative analysis (flotation, natural sedimentation, mini-Flotac and Baermann technique) were done in two moments, February and April of 2024, to fifteen animals in each flock.The eggs/oocysts genera morphologically identified were: trichostrongyle-type, Nematodirus spp., Moniezia spp., Trichuris spp. and Eimeria spp. Trematode eggs were not identified. The mean egg per gram (EPG) values of trichostrongyle-type ranged from 25 to 67 among the sheep flock., and 62 to 90 among the goat flock. The mean oocyst per gram (OPG) of Eimeria spp. varied greatly in the two flocks, ranging from 0.46 x 102 to 3.11 x 102 among the sheep flock, and 4.74 x 102 to 1.45 x 104 among the goat flock.Fecal examination by the Baermann technique, revealed the overall prevalence of lungworm infection to be, in the goat herd, 21.4% to 33,3%, whereas the sheep samples were negative. The specie found were larvae from Muellerius capillaris.This work aims to continue to: determine the gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasite profile of small ruminants along the year seasons; identify differences in parasite population in the two species, and assess the anthelmintic efficacy and possible resistances. The development and implementation of innovative, refined and sustainable approaches to worm control, targeted at the appropriate regional scale, is a prerequisite for reducing the helminth infection burden in small ruminant livestock production, and therefore increase the productivity and profitability, and also contribute to the preservation of natural resources.
- Influence of prostaglandin F2alfa dosage and semen storage time on cervical artificial insemination of ewesPublication . Paula, Isabela Mendonça Leon de; Moraes, Alexa Alves de; Santos, Liliana; Quintas, Hélder; Valentim, Ramiro; Silva, DaianeFixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) is one of the main tools to achieve genetic improvement in sheep production and its implementation is facilitated by methods of estrus synchronization and ovulation’ stimulation. For vaginal or cervical artificial insemination, fresh or cooled semen is the most used, resulting in acceptable pregnancy rates. The main purposes of this research were to evaluate the effectiveness of a reduced dose of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in the estrus synchronization protocol and to verify the influence of semen storage time at 5oC on the sheep conception rates. This study was conducted at Bragança Polytechnic University between April and June 2023. Sixty-six Churra Galega Bragançana Branca breed ewes were used. The short progestogen protocol involved the use of a vaginal device containing 0.35 g of progesterone for seven days. Simultaneously with the device insertion, half of the ewes received an intramuscular (IM) injection of 75 μg of PGF2α, while the other half received 100 μg. Upon the removal of the device, all ewes received a 500 IU IM injection of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). Semen was collected from two ram donors through electroejaculation and seminal analyzes were performed using a computer assisted semen analysis (CASA). Semen was diluted in INRA 96 extender and 0.25 mL straws containing 250 x 106 sperm each were produced. The straws’ temperature was reduced until 5oC in a refrigerated water bath (-0.27oC/min). Semen was stored at 5oC, 0-day, 1 day or 2 days after cooling. Fifty-six hours after the eCG injection, all ewes were cervical inseminated by the FTAI method. After 41 days, rectal ultrasound was used to detect pregnancy rate. In order to identify statistically significant variations, variance analyses were conducted. The comparison between means was performed using the Bonferroni/Dunn test at 95% of probability. The Chi-square test was done to compare frequencies. It was determined that the use of 100 μg of PGF2α was more effective (P<0.05) than 75 μg, with conception rates of 85% and 73%, respectively. PGF2α is a hormone with high cost, then to reduce the dosage/animal/cycle is interesting for the sheep producers, but unfortunately the reduction of 25% compromises the pregnancy rate. The storage time (0-day, 1 day and 2 days) did not significantly impact the conception results (P>0.05), with rates of 81%, 83% and 73%, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the 100 μg of PGF2α protocol generates a higher pregnancy rate than the 75 μg of PGF2α protocol and it is possible to use ram semen until two days after cooling at 5oC without any negative impact on the conception rate of Churra Galega Bragançana ewes.
- Avaliação de sistemas de cobertura agrivoltaica: Explorando aplicações multifuncionaisPublication . Costa, Isabella; Geraldes, Ana Maria; Calheiros, CristinaAs soluções baseadas na natureza (SBN) desempenham um papel importante na resiliência das cidades, proporcionando simultaneamente benefícios ambientais, sociais e económicos. As coberturas verdes são um exemplo de SBN, que contribuem para a resiliência urbana, providenciando vários serviços ecossistémicos como gestão de águas, biodiversidade, eficiência energética, regulação da temperatura, redução do ruído e integração estética e recreativa. Além desses benefícios, o seu uso pode ser otimizado para atender a outras necessidades.Os Sistemas de Cobertura Agrivoltaica surgem como uma alternativa que integra a produção agrícola e a geração de energia solar fotovoltaica, permitindo a produção simultânea de alimentos e energia limpa, enquanto mantém os múltiplos serviços ecossistémicos proporcionados pelas coberturas verdes. Essa solução impulsiona a neutralidade carbónica, fortalece a segurança alimentar e aumenta a adaptação climática perante eventos extremos.Este estudo pretende avaliar os Sistemas de Cobertura Agrivoltaica em Portugal e explorar as suas aplicações e benefícios multifuncionais.
- Promoting species diversity: understanding Sweet Chestnut within regeneration of Scots pine standsPublication . Patrício, Maria Sameiro; Nunes, LuísPine forests exhibit a natural gradual transition to mixed plantations, where hardwoods like sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and oaks begin to establish as ecological succession progress. However, the persistence of chestnut in conifer stands depends heavily on surrounding chestnut stands and light availability. In this case-study of Serra da Nogueira, Portugal – a region characterized by a mosaic of habitats formed by mountain agriculture, with extensive Pyrenean oak forests interspersed with some stands of other hardwoods and conifers, including scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) - chestnut persists in the natural regeneration of these stands largely due to existing forest and agroforestry chestnut stands. Advanced regeneration in the understory of Scots pine stands suggests that the chestnut can persist in the natural regeneration dynamics, contributing to the formation of more resilient and biodiverse mixed stands.
- Projeto Bio ilhas: ciência, educação e sensibilização para a conservação de ecossistemas ribeirinhosPublication . Ferreira, Nathália Borges Bartoli; Sá, Isabel; Pinto, Mónica; Nogueira, Clotilde; Fachada, Ivone; Calheiros, Cristina; Geraldes, Ana MariaO projeto Bio Ilhas está estruturado em três Componentes: Científica, Educativa e de Divulgação e envolve a instalação de ilhas flutuantes no troço urbano do Rio Fervença(Bragança, Portugal). Assim, foram selecionadas duas matrizes flutuantes quadradas de 4m2(cada uma de 2x2m), uma de poliestireno expandido reciclado e outra de aglomerado de cortiça. As planta escolhidas para integrar as Bio Ilhas foram as espécies salgueirinha (Lythrum salicaria), junco (Juncus effusus) e o lírio amarelo (Iris pseudacorus). Avaliar a viabilidade da utilização das ilhas flutuantes na remediação do troço urbano do rio Fervença; Avaliar a importância destas estruturas para o incremento da biodiversidade aquática e terrestre; Aumentar a literacia científica da comunidade sobre os rios.
- Influência de coberturas verdes na conceção de um sistema público de drenagem de águas pluviais: Caso de estudoPublication . Silva, Flora; Calheiros, Cristina; Valle, Guilherme Zachalkiewicz do; Albuquerque, António; Geraldes, Ana MariaExcessiva impermeabilização do solo e ocorrência de chuvas intensas em curtos períodos de tempo que conduzem a inundações. Implementação de sistemas públicos de drenagem de águas pluviais (SPDAP) resilientes com integração a montante de soluções baseadas na natureza (e.g. coberturas verdes). Analisar a influência do uso de coberturas verdes versus convencionais no dimensionamento hidráulico de um SPDAP de um loteamento e o seu contributo para a gestão da água em espaços urbanos.
- Bio ilhas project: science, education, and awareness for river conservationPublication . Ferreira, Nathália Borges Bartoli; Sá, Isabel; Nogueira, Clotilde; Fachada, Ivone; Calheiros, Cristina; Geraldes, Ana MariaFloating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) are nature-based solutions(NbS) that have gained increasing attention over the past decades for their effectiveness, low cost, and minimal maintenance requirements in improving water quality across diverse aquatic environments. One of the key ecosystem services provided by FTWs is the promotion of biodiversity, especially in environments degraded by human activity, creating habitats, refuges and nursery areas for diverse aquatic and terrestrial organisms. In this context, the present project aims to implement innovative natural engineering solutions to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic pressure and promote greater biodiversity within aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, it demand to enhance the valorization of local ecosystems and ensure equitable access to scientific knowledge.Two vegetated floating islands (4m² each) were installed in the Fervença River (Bragança, Portugal). The islands were constructed using cork agglomerate and recycled expanded polystyrene (EPS) as buoyant materials and vegetated with three plants species to enhance ecological performance.
- Infraestruturas verdes e prestação de serviços ecossistémicosPublication . Calheiros, Cristina; Ojediran, Adetunji; Mesquita, Ana; Costa, Isabella; Magalhães, João; Carrillo, Valentina; Geraldes, Ana Maria; Arenas, Francisco; Rosa-Santos, Paulo; Pereira, Sofia RodriguesAs infraestruturas verdes correspondem a uma rede de áreas naturais e seminaturais que oferecem múltiplos benefícios, tais como a conservação da natureza, o sequestro de carbono, a gestão sustentável da água e a melhoria da qualidade de vida, entre outros serviços ecossistémicos. Estas infraestruturas verdes podem integrar soluções baseadas na natureza (SbN), contribuindo para a sustentabilidade territorial, tanto urbana como rural. Atualmente, várias SbN têm vindo a ser aplicadas para enfrentar os desafios societais atuais tornado os territórios mais circulares e resilientes. Entre estas soluções destacam-se as coberturas verdes, os leitos de plantas ou FitoETARs e as ilhas flutuantes. O objetivo do presente trabalho é desenvolver SbN para integração no edifício e área envolvente, capazes de fornecer múltiplos serviços dos ecossistemas e gerar benefícios ambientais, sociais e económicos.