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Gestão da eficiência hídrica em edifícios industriais: estudo de caso numa unidade da metalomecânica
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Este estudo analisa o consumo de água numa unidade industrial do setor metalomecânico, localizada no nordeste de Portugal. Integra a análise dos consumos históricos da empresa, a aplicação de questionários aos utilizadores do edifício, o levantamento e caracterização dos dispositivos hidráulicos e a estimativa dos consumos associados às atividades operacionais.
A análise do consumo de água dos últimos 10 anos revelou que o edifício apresenta um consumo anual médio de 7 500 m³, com redução significativa a partir de 2023. As atividades associadas ao consumo humano representam cerca de 55% do consumo total. A análise dos padrões de utilização dos equipamentos hidráulicos mostra elevada frequência de uso de sanitas e torneiras. O consumo total estimado associado ao uso humano é de aproximadamente 17 m³/dia, atingindo cerca de 4 100 m³/ano.
Os consumos operacionais representam igualmente uma parcela relevante, estimados em 283 m³/mês, abrangendo processos industriais, lavagem de pavimentos, rega de áreas ajardinadas, serviços de cozinha e bebedouros. O consumo total global do edifício é de aproximadamente 625 m³/mês, sendo o consumo específico global estimado em 41,15 L/(utilizador·dia), valor próximo de estudos comparativos e no limite superior da literatura.
Foram definidos três cenários de intervenção para melhoria da eficiência hídrica. O Cenário 1, de caráter comportamental, propõe ações de sensibilização dos utilizadores para promover hábitos de consumo mais eficientes, com elevado potencial de implementação. O Cenário 2, de caráter físico, contempla a substituição de torneiras e autoclismos por dispositivos mais eficientes, permitindo uma poupança estimada de 216 m³/ano e uma redução de aproximadamente 739 €/ano + IVA, com tempo de retorno do investimento de 4 anos. O Cenário 3, de caráter conceptual, integra Soluções baseadas na Natureza, aproveitamento de águas pluviais e aproveitamento de águas cinzentas, apresentando elevado potencial para reduzir a dependência de água potável e aumentar a resiliência hídrica em longo prazo.
Conclui-se que a eficiência hídrica em edifícios industriais depende da integração entre tecnologia, gestão e comportamento dos utilizadores, constituindo uma oportunidade relevante para a redução de custos e promoção da sustentabilidade ambiental no setor industrial.
This study analyses water consumption in an industrial facility in the metalworking sector, located in northeastern Portugal. It integrates the analysis of the company’s historical consumption records, the application of questionnaires to building users, the survey and characterisation of hydraulic devices, and the estimation of water consumption associated with operational activities. The analysis of water consumption over the last 10 years revealed that the building presents an average annual consumption of 7 500 m³, with a significant reduction from 2023 onwards. Activities associated with human consumption account for approximately 55% of total consumption. The analysis of hydraulic equipment usage patterns shows a high frequency of toilet and tap use. The estimated total consumption associated with human use is approximately 17 m³/day, reaching around 4 100 m³/year. Operational consumption also represents a relevant share, estimated at 283 m³/month, covering industrial processes, floor cleaning, irrigation of landscaped areas, kitchen services, and drinking fountains. The total overall water consumption of the building is approximately 625 m³/month, with the estimated overall specific consumption being 41.15 L/(user·day), a value close to comparative studies and at the upper limit reported in the literature. Three intervention scenarios were defined to improve water efficiency. Scenario 1, behavioural in nature, proposes user awareness actions to promote more efficient consumption habits, with high implementation potential. Scenario 2, physical in nature, includes the replacement of taps and toilet cisterns with more efficient devices, allowing estimated savings of 216 m³/year and a reduction of approximately €739/year + VAT, with a payback period of 4 years. Scenario 3, conceptual in nature, integrates Nature-based Solutions, rainwater harvesting, and greywater reuse, presenting high potential to reduce dependence on potable water and increase long-term water resilience. It is concluded that water efficiency in industrial buildings depends on the integration of technology, management, and user behaviour, representing an importan
This study analyses water consumption in an industrial facility in the metalworking sector, located in northeastern Portugal. It integrates the analysis of the company’s historical consumption records, the application of questionnaires to building users, the survey and characterisation of hydraulic devices, and the estimation of water consumption associated with operational activities. The analysis of water consumption over the last 10 years revealed that the building presents an average annual consumption of 7 500 m³, with a significant reduction from 2023 onwards. Activities associated with human consumption account for approximately 55% of total consumption. The analysis of hydraulic equipment usage patterns shows a high frequency of toilet and tap use. The estimated total consumption associated with human use is approximately 17 m³/day, reaching around 4 100 m³/year. Operational consumption also represents a relevant share, estimated at 283 m³/month, covering industrial processes, floor cleaning, irrigation of landscaped areas, kitchen services, and drinking fountains. The total overall water consumption of the building is approximately 625 m³/month, with the estimated overall specific consumption being 41.15 L/(user·day), a value close to comparative studies and at the upper limit reported in the literature. Three intervention scenarios were defined to improve water efficiency. Scenario 1, behavioural in nature, proposes user awareness actions to promote more efficient consumption habits, with high implementation potential. Scenario 2, physical in nature, includes the replacement of taps and toilet cisterns with more efficient devices, allowing estimated savings of 216 m³/year and a reduction of approximately €739/year + VAT, with a payback period of 4 years. Scenario 3, conceptual in nature, integrates Nature-based Solutions, rainwater harvesting, and greywater reuse, presenting high potential to reduce dependence on potable water and increase long-term water resilience. It is concluded that water efficiency in industrial buildings depends on the integration of technology, management, and user behaviour, representing an importan
Descrição
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Palavras-chave
Eficiência hídrica Edifícios industriais Gestão da água Soluções sustentáveis Dispositivos para uso da água