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Análise e modelação multifísica de transformadores trifásicos
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Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e a validação de uma metodologia de análise eletromagnética-térmica acoplada aplicada a um transformador trifásico de baixa
potência, com potência nominal de 1500 VA, tensão de 380 V/75 V e frequência de 50Hz. A proposta busca representar de forma integrada os fenômenos eletromagnéticos e
térmicos que afetam o desempenho, as perdas e a vida útil do equipamento, reduzindo a dependência de métodos analíticos simplificados e de protótipos físicos. Para isso, foi
construído um modelo numérico tridimensional no ambiente Ansys, com simulações eletromagnéticas no Maxwell 3D e térmicas no Icepak, por meio de acoplamento bidirecional.
A caracterização experimental foi realizada por ensaios a vazio, curto-circuito e resistência ôhmica, que forneceram os parâmetros necessários para a calibração do modelo.
As perdas obtidas no domínio eletromagnético foram utilizadas como fontes de calor na análise térmica, permitindo estimar a distribuição de temperatura no núcleo e nos enrola-
mentos em regime permanente. Os resultados simulados apresentaram boa concordância com os dados experimentais disponíveis.
A análise térmica indicou temperaturas máximas compatíveis com os limites das classes de isolação consideradas, evidenciando a adequação operacional do transformador
nas condições nominais simuladas. Embora a validação experimental direta do perfil térmico não tenha sido realizada nesta etapa, a metodologia mostrou-se consistente como
ferramenta de apoio ao projeto, à análise de desempenho e ao diagnóstico de transformadores trifásicos.
This work presents the development and validation of a coupled electromagnetic-thermal analysis methodology applied to a low-power three-phase transformer rated at 1500 VA, 380 V/75 V, and 50 Hz. The study addresses the need to represent, in an integrated manner, the electromagnetic and thermal phenomena that affect machine per- formance, losses, and service life, reducing reliance on simplified analytical methods and physical prototypes. For this purpose, a three-dimensional numerical model was built in the Ansys environment, combining electromagnetic simulations in Maxwell 3D and thermal simulations in Icepak through bidirectional coupling. The transformer was experimentally characterized by no-load, short-circuit, and ohmic resistance tests, which provided the parameters required for model calibration and validation. Based on the losses computed in the electromagnetic domain, heat sources were defined for the thermal analysis, enabling the estimation of the spatial temperature distribution in the core and windings under steady-state conditions. The simulated results were compared with the available experimental data, showing good agreement for core losses and total ohmic losses, with deviations within the limits commonly accepted for finite element models. The simulated results showed good agreement with the available experimental data. The thermal analysis indicated that the predicted maximum temperatures remain compatible with the insulation class limits considered, confirming the operational suita- bility of the equipment under the simulated nominal conditions. Although direct experimental validation of the thermal profile was not carried out in this stage, the methodology proved to be a consistent tool for design support, performance analysis, and diagnostics of three-phase transformers.
This work presents the development and validation of a coupled electromagnetic-thermal analysis methodology applied to a low-power three-phase transformer rated at 1500 VA, 380 V/75 V, and 50 Hz. The study addresses the need to represent, in an integrated manner, the electromagnetic and thermal phenomena that affect machine per- formance, losses, and service life, reducing reliance on simplified analytical methods and physical prototypes. For this purpose, a three-dimensional numerical model was built in the Ansys environment, combining electromagnetic simulations in Maxwell 3D and thermal simulations in Icepak through bidirectional coupling. The transformer was experimentally characterized by no-load, short-circuit, and ohmic resistance tests, which provided the parameters required for model calibration and validation. Based on the losses computed in the electromagnetic domain, heat sources were defined for the thermal analysis, enabling the estimation of the spatial temperature distribution in the core and windings under steady-state conditions. The simulated results were compared with the available experimental data, showing good agreement for core losses and total ohmic losses, with deviations within the limits commonly accepted for finite element models. The simulated results showed good agreement with the available experimental data. The thermal analysis indicated that the predicted maximum temperatures remain compatible with the insulation class limits considered, confirming the operational suita- bility of the equipment under the simulated nominal conditions. Although direct experimental validation of the thermal profile was not carried out in this stage, the methodology proved to be a consistent tool for design support, performance analysis, and diagnostics of three-phase transformers.
Descrição
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Palavras-chave
Three-phase transformer Multiphysics analysis Finite element method Bidi-rectional electromagnetic-thermal coupling Thermal simulation