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Desenvolvimento e otimização de estruturas biomiméticas TPMS em impressão 3D para coalescência óleo-água
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O tratamento e a separação eficiente de emulsões óleo-água representam um desafio ecológico e econômico significativo para as indústrias petroquímica e metalmecânica. Esta dissertação investiga matrizes biomiméticas impressas em 3D, baseadas nas Superfícies Mínimas Triplamente Periódicas (TPMS), como potenciais meios coalescedores para o tratamento de efluentes. Com foco nas topologias Gyroid e Schwarz-D, os modelos foram fabricados em resina polimérica via estereolitografia mascarada (MSLA). Para alterar a hi-drofobicidade do material, aplicou-se uma hidrólise alcalina que visou à super-hidrofilicidade e ao comportamento oleofóbico subaquático na superfície, estratégias importantes para reduzir o fouling. Avaliações experimentais e por fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD) indicaram que as matrizes podem atuar como meios hidrodinamicamente ativos na coalescência. A estrutura Gyroid apresentou o melhor desempenho nas condições ensaiadas, possivelmente por favorecer condições hidrodinâmicas associadas à desestabilização do filme estérico dos surfactantes, alcançando uma eficiência de 90,46% após 4h de hidrólise alcalina, considerando um único ensaio. Apesar da maior resistência ao escoamento, sua tortuosidade contínua parece favorecer colisões, o que melhora a separação de fases.
Conclui-se que a integração do design TPMS, impressão 3D e modificação superficial pode configurar uma solução replicável, sem consumíveis secundários e alinhada aos princípios da Economia Circular.
The efficient treatment and separation of oil-water emulsions pose a significant ecological and economic challenge for the petrochemical and metalworking industries. This dissertation investigates 3D-printed biomimetic matrices, based on Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS), as potential coalescing media for wastewater treatment. Focusing on the Gyroid and Schwarz-D topologies, the models were fabricated in polymeric resin via masked stereolithography (MSLA). To alter the material’s hydrophobicity, an alkaline hydrolysis was applied, aiming for surface superhydrophilicity and underwater oleophobic behavior—key strategies for reducing fouling. Experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) evaluations indicated that the matrices can act as hydrodynamically active media in coalescence. The Gyroid structure showed the best performance under the tested conditions, likely because it promotes hydrodynamic conditions associated with the destabilization of the surfactants’ steric film, achieving an efficiency of 90.46% after 4h of alkaline hydrolysis, considering a single run. Despite its higher flow resistance, its continuous tortuosity appears to promote collisions, thereby improving phase separation. It is concluded that integrating TPMS design, 3D printing, and surface modification can constitute a replicable solution, free of secondary consumables, and aligned with the principles of the Circular Economy.
The efficient treatment and separation of oil-water emulsions pose a significant ecological and economic challenge for the petrochemical and metalworking industries. This dissertation investigates 3D-printed biomimetic matrices, based on Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS), as potential coalescing media for wastewater treatment. Focusing on the Gyroid and Schwarz-D topologies, the models were fabricated in polymeric resin via masked stereolithography (MSLA). To alter the material’s hydrophobicity, an alkaline hydrolysis was applied, aiming for surface superhydrophilicity and underwater oleophobic behavior—key strategies for reducing fouling. Experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) evaluations indicated that the matrices can act as hydrodynamically active media in coalescence. The Gyroid structure showed the best performance under the tested conditions, likely because it promotes hydrodynamic conditions associated with the destabilization of the surfactants’ steric film, achieving an efficiency of 90.46% after 4h of alkaline hydrolysis, considering a single run. Despite its higher flow resistance, its continuous tortuosity appears to promote collisions, thereby improving phase separation. It is concluded that integrating TPMS design, 3D printing, and surface modification can constitute a replicable solution, free of secondary consumables, and aligned with the principles of the Circular Economy.
Descrição
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Palavras-chave
Separação óleo-água TPMS Impressão 3D Coalescência Hidrólise alcalina Fluidodinâmica Computacional (CFD)