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  • Development of a liquid soap with antimicrobial potential using propolis from the Montesinho Natural Park
    Publication . Sousa, Maria Fernanda do Rosário Silva de; Pereira, Olívia R.; Barbosa, Sandra Isabel Teixeira Ribeiro; Ribeiro, Caroline Silva
    Propolis is a resinous and balsamic substance produced by bees with a complex chemical composition. The benefits of propolis, including healing, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, mainly come from botanical sources, providing a unique quantity of bioactive compounds. In this context, the Montesinho Natural Park stands out for its plant biodiversity, singular in Europe. Therefore, this project aims to valorize propolis from the Montesinho Natural Park by investigating its potential as a natural source of bioactive compounds with antiseptic properties in liquid soaps. To this end, two extraction techniques, namely maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction, were applied and compared by total phenolic content (TPC), to evaluate their efficiency in recovering bioactive constituents. The most promising extracts were chemically characterized and incorporated into liquid soap formulations to assess their stability and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed that propolis maceration with monopropylene glycol (MMPG) was more efficient than maceration with ethanol 70% (ME70), yielding higher TPC (65.9 vs. 63.1 mg GAE/mL), total flavonoids (23.5 vs. 18.4 mg QE/mL), and antioxidant activity (DPPH:88.4 vs. 78.1 mg AAE/mL and ABTS: 86.1 vs. 75.4 mg AAE/mL), respectively. The UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MS qualitative analysis showed similar chemical profiles between both extracts, composed of 44 compounds, predominantly flavonoids (chrysin, pinocembrin, galangin, pinobanksin) and phenolic acids (caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid) and their methyl esterified derivatives. Antimicrobial assays revealed high inhibitory, bactericidal and antifungal potential of both propolis extracts. ME70 was slightly stronger against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica and Candida albicans, while MMPG stood out for its potent bactericidal action against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus and Cutibacterium acnes. The incorporation at 5% into a liquid soap, the extracts seems to corroborate with the stability of the pH (6.0) and viscosity stability, especially at 5 ℃. Although high temperatures (45 ℃) triggered slight oxidation, the final product showed promising potential against Escherichia coli, S. enterica, S. aureus, C. acnes and C. albicans. Overall, propolis showed promising potential as an ingredient in the cosmetics industry.
    2026Dissertação de mestrado Acesso aberto Ver mais